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The Controversy about the Misuse of Mobile Phones
Abstract
This article is an exercise to calculate the penetration of electromagnetic waves of cell phones into the ear. This was motivated due to frequent quest about the misuse of that phones..
The Controversy about the Misuse of Mobile PHONES
The theory shows that the electromagnetic waves associated with the same spectrum can penetrate conductive surfaces and are measured by what is called depth of penetration, it is an inverse function of frequency, conductivity and magnetic permeability of conducting medium. What is under discussion now is whether the radio waves from cell phones may cause some damage to the brain.
Without the presumption to enter into the business of others the inner ear is a cavity of the temporal bone and has fluid conductors of electricity, one of them is the endolymph that fills the duct medium of the cochlear with high concentrations of potassium and low sodium concentration; another fluid is the perilymph fluid that fills the tympanic and vestibular ducts in the same region but with opposite concentrations of those ions. Moreover, it is known that the extracellular fluid of tissues is a saline solution of sodium chloride and in the intracellular membrane potassium ions predominates.
In the case of nerve cells, neurons, electrical pulses that come from cell nuclei propagate in the fluid conductor of axons, the axoplasm, under the action of an action potential which reverses the charges of sodium and potassium ions on its way to the synapses (the interval between two neighboring neurons) in which release chemicals called neurotransmitters that are received by the dendrites of the neighboring neuron, altering certain membrane potential to restart the process. The action potential can also be triggered whenever there is a disturbance located in the membrane potential produced by one of the sense organs that act as transducers, ie, cause a change in the density of electric charges in the region of the membrane of a nerve cell. Although there is a reverse flow of ions across cell membranes causing a change in the electrical conductivity of axons and thus the densities of electric current and action potential.
The coupling between the inner ear and the skull is made by the channels of the cochlea spiral in which are the fluids already mentioned that are separated by the basilar membrane on the surface of which is the organ of Corti containing the hair cells responsible for converting sound into electric pulses (Okuno, E., L. Caldas, I. Chow, C., Physics for Biological and Biomedical Sciences, São Paulo, Ed Harper & Row in Brazil, 1982).
The proximity of cell phone to the outer ear allows to make an estimate of the depth of penetration in the region of coupling ear /skull. The electrical conductivity in fluids of the types mentioned above is about 4 SI units, the frequency of cellular 900 MHz, and the permeability is 0.0000013 SI. The calculation result gives a penetration rate of approximately 8 mm in the region of coupling. Another calculation shows that the electric field at this depth is about 0.03% of its initial value (close to the outer ear). This value may be lower if one considers the shielding of the skull bone.
This relatively small value 0.03% can be in any way significant to change the electrical conductivity of the nerve cells and therefore the mobility of sodium and potassium ions, thus influencing the speed of the action potential.
This brief exercise is only one coarse model applied to the case because the formulas used to obtain those results are the electromagnetic radiations that are focused on conducting surfaces, the results vary for each medium or surface.
Finally, we can only wait for the physical-medical research and statistics to see whether future misuse of mobile phones can harm the brain.
About the Author
Physicist and writer. Five published books. Msc. in science by COPPE-UFRJ (Rio de Janeiro). Phd in Physics by UFPA(Belém do Pará). Take training at Kernforschunganlage Jülich Gmbh-Germany. Professor and guide of two thesis in post-graduation. Flght-Controller. Articles published at journals. See more at Google search: "leopoldino dos santos Ferreira".
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